Study exposes how bacteria resist antibiotics Sep 11, 2009
Nudler's team found that many antibiotics kill bacteria through the production of harmful charged particles known as reactive oxygen species, otherwise called oxidative stress. "Antibiotics cause bacteria to produce a lot of reactive oxygen species. Those damage DNA, and bacteria cannot survive. They eventually die," Nudler said in a telephone interview. (India Times, India -- Health/Science)
LED Light And Green Tea Cream Smooth Facial Wrinkles Sep 10, 2009
But exposure to intense LED light is also involved in generating high levels of reactive oxygen species as byproducts that can potentially damage cells ... The study could form the basis of "an effective facial rejuvenation program," and lead to a new understanding of the effect reactive oxygen species on cellular aging, they note. (Science Daily)
Molecular 'GPS' Helps Researchers Probe Processes Important In Aging And Disease Sep 6, 2009
It's true, the buildup of oxygen radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells contributes to aging and possibly to diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's. See also. (Science Daily)
At The Fungal Farmer's Market, Only The Best Cyanobacteria Are For Sale Aug 25, 2009
29, 2006) Scientists highlighted a novel role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a symbiotic association between a filamentous fungus and a grass. They isolated the fungal gene responsible for the production. (Science Daily)
Elevated Arginase Levels Contribute To Vascular Eye Disease Such As Diabetic Retinopathy Aug 25, 2009
They already know high levels of the signaling molecule reactive oxygen species is another factor. As with arginase, some reactive oxygen species formation is a good thing but too much causes blood vessel damage ... "Our studies demonstrate that if we inhibit arginase, we also reduce the reactive oxygen species level and vice versa," Dr. Zhang says. (Science Daily)
Chronic Kidney Disease Linked To Malfunctioning Mitochondria Aug 24, 2009
Further tests revealed that the levels reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly higher in the CKD group. Zaza and his colleagues suggest that these species are part of a vicious circle of respiration dysregulation that ultimately results in CKD. "Our hypothesis is that an increased production of ROS, due to the effect of pro-inflammatory mediators, may cause a profound inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation system leading to a compensatory 'hypertrophy' of its components. In... (Science Daily)
New Metabolic Safeguards Against Tumor Cells Aug 23, 2009
Under the microscope, the cells also displayed telltale signs of oxidative stress, a harmful accumulation of oxygen-derived molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS). The end result was a halt in the production of ATP, the molecular lifeblood that transports energy in the cells. (Science Daily)
Discovery may lead to powerful new therapy for asthma Aug 12, 2009
In disorders such as colon cancer, atherosclerosis, sepsis and uveitis, the Srivastava team has found, cells are hit by a sudden overload of reactive oxygen species (varieties of oxygen and oxygen compounds that are especially eager to react with other molecules) ... These summon immune system cells and generate even more reactive oxygen species, producing a vicious cycle of ever-increasing inflammation ... "Now, asthma, a chronic disease of inflammation is augmented by reactive oxygen species.... (EurekAlert!)
Potential Mechanisms To Protect Against Genetic Alterations, Diseases Discovered Aug 11, 2009
11, 2005) Reactive oxygen species (ROS), or 'oxygen radicals', have been identified as major contributors to signs of premature aging, increased cancer prevalence linked to inflammation-associated. (July 29, 2005) Mice, rats, worms, flies, and yeast all live longer on a low-calorie diet, which also seems to protect mammals against aging-related diseases. (Science Daily)
Bad mitochondria may actually be good for you Jul 23, 2009
Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a popular theory explaining the aging process; over time, reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondria while they make energy slowly accumulate and begin damaging cells, including the mitochondria. Several recent studies have begun to question this theory, though, and to get some more direct answers, Siegfried Hekimi and colleagues at McGill University examined the mitochondria of MCLK1-defective mice, a strain known for its longevity, at various ages. (EurekAlert!)
DNA Repair Mechanisms Jul 20, 2009
Alterations can come about due to exposure to ionizing radiation, carcinogens, and reactive oxygen species or due to problems in DNA replication. The cell possesses enzymes that can recognize DNA damage in the form of problematic nucleotide placement and correct the problem, called. (Suite101.com)
Daily Sex Helps Reduce Sperm DNA Damage And Improve Fertility Jul 2, 2009
Dr Greening said he thought the reason why sperm quality improved with frequent ejaculation was because the sperm had a shorter exposure in the testicular ducts and epididymis to reactive oxygen species very small molecules, high levels of which can damage cells. The remainder of the men who had an increase in DFI might have a different explanation for their sperm DNA damage, he concluded. (Science Daily)
Daily sex urged for budding dads Jul 2, 2009
Dr Greening said it was likely frequent ejaculation improved the quality of sperm by reducing the length of time they were exposed to potentially damaging molecules called reactive oxygen species in the testicular ducts and epididymis. However, 22 men recorded an increase in damage of 10 per cent on average and Dr Greening said these men may have a different explanation for their sperm DNA damage. (Sydney Morning Herald -- Australia)
New biomarkers of melanoma identified Jul 1, 2009
"This is of particular importance in melanomas, because a major etiological factor is sun exposure," Halaban said, explaining that inflammation and reactive oxygen species caused by the sun can produce epigenetic changes and mutations. Halaban added that because DNA methylation can be reversed, it is an attractive target for cancer therapy. (India Times, India -- Health/Science)
Trying to have a baby? Have sex every day Jul 1, 2009
Greening said it was likely frequent ejaculation improved the quality of sperm by reducing the length of time they were exposed to potentially damaging molecules called reactive oxygen species in the testicular ducts. Copyright 2009 Reuters. (MSNBC -- Health)
Super-sleepers could help super-sizers! Jun 29, 2009
The researchers speculate that a potential drawback may be the increased production of reactive oxygen species, which may in turn lead to oxidative stress. Since these small molecules are believed to cause most of the damage during periods of re-awakening, increasing mitochondrial coupling does not seem to be a particularly good idea for animals that tend to exhibit short periods of spontaneous arousal during the dormancy period, in some cases even daily. (EurekAlert!)
Researchers Zero In On Ozone With Fluorescent Solution That Detects Harmful Molecule In The Air And Body Jun 24, 2009
Current indicators can register a false-positive in response to humidity, other reactive oxygen species, and atmospheric compounds such as lead, palladium, and platinum ... So far, though, the methods used to detect ozone have been questioned based on their sensitivity to other reactive oxygen species, a problem the Pitt probe seems to not have. (Science Daily)
Gene Explains Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Outcomes Jun 16, 2009
Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide kill cells by generating charged particles called reactive oxygen species ... The SOD2 gene produces a protein that protects cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. (MEDLINEplus)
Hydrogen Peroxide Marshals Immune System Jun 4, 2009
Rather, they were studying a groups of molecules called reactive oxygen species, or ROS. These small oxygen-derived molecules, of which hydrogen peroxide is one, have the potential to be both helpful and hurtful. Niethammer and Grabber were simply curious to find ways to detect ROS molecules in an organism. (Science Daily)
The Vulnerable Cancer Cell: New Studies Reveal Broad, Hidden Network That Lets Tumors Thrive May 30, 2009
11, 2005) Reactive oxygen species (ROS), or 'oxygen radicals', have been identified as major contributors to signs of premature aging, increased cancer prevalence linked to inflammation-associated. (June 22, 2007) Using mathematical theory, scientists have shed light on one of cancer's most troubling puzzles -- how cancer cells can alter their own genetic makeup to accelerate tumor growth. (Science Daily)
Oxidative stress extends lifespan May 30, 2009
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), ions that form as a natural byproduct of the metabolism of oxygen, play important roles in cell signalling. However, due to environmental stress like ultraviolet radiation or heat or chemical exposure the ROS levels can increase dramatically, resulting insignificant damage to cellular damage to DNA, RNA and proteins, cumulating in an effect called oxidative stress. (India Times, India -- Health/Science)
How Oxidative Stress May Help Prolong Life May 30, 2009
Their study, published in PLoS Genetics on May 29, explains the underlying mechanism of the process that prevents cellular damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) ... Reactive oxygen species (ROS), ions that form as a natural byproduct of the metabolism of oxygen, play important roles in cell signaling. (Science Daily)
Diabetes drug shows promise against multiple sclerosis May 27, 2009
They used primary cultures of brain cells to show that pioglitazone reduced the production of toxic chemicals called cytokines and reactive oxygen species. These molecules are believed to be important in the development of symptoms in MS.. (EurekAlert!)
Medicinal Plant, St John's Wort, May Reduce Neuronal Degeneration Caused By Parkinson's Disease May 14, 2009
The hypothesis is that the increase in the production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by the altered function of the mitochondrial complex I could be the cause of the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons through the apoptotic process ... St John's wort reduces the exacerbated production of Reactive oxygen species produced in the presence of Rotenone, as well as the damage that the free radicals cause dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, avoiding the action of apoptosis. (Science Daily)
Connections Between Diabetes And Alzheimer’s Disease Explored May 14, 2009
Sajjad Muhammad, Angelika Bierhaus, and Markus Schwaninger review some recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction and the consequent cerebral ischemia and compare them with key findings in AD. ... Increased expression of RAGE is observed in regions of the brain affected by Alzheimer s disease (AD), and A -RAGE interaction in vitro leads to cell stress with the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of downstream signaling. (Science Daily)
Antioxidants Blunt Exercise Benefit, Study Shows May 13, 2009
Exercise helps increase the body's sensitivity to insulin by making reactive oxygen species, or "free radicals," which antioxidants work against. These free radicals are thought to damage cells and speed the aging process, but they are also used by the body to prevent cell damage after exercising, the researchers say. (MEDLINEplus)
Gene May 'Bypass' Disease-linked Mitochondrial Defects May 13, 2009
AOX also rescued the movement defect and excess production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria in flies with a mutant version of a gene known as dj-1b, which is the fly equivalent to the human Parkinson's disease gene DJ1. The findings led the researchers to conclude that "AOX appears to offer promise as a wide-spectrum therapeutic tool in OXPHOS disorders." The next step is to test whether the findings in flies will also hold true in mammals, Jacobs said. (Science Daily)
Study in Nature Medicine establishes major new treatment target in diseased arteries May 11, 2009
While a complete understanding of the initial triggers of blood vessel damage remains elusive, damaged vessels produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules that oxidize many molecules they encounter, changing their function. Human cells have evolved to harness oxidation to control life processes like wound healing, and to send signals within cells and between cells. (EurekAlert!)
Puromycin-based vectors promote a ROS-dependent recruitment of PML to nuclear inclusions enriched with HSP70 and Proteasomes May 2, 2009
In the current study, we have identified a reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent aggregation of PML, small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and 20S proteasomes in human cell lines that have been transiently transfected with vectors expressing the puromycin resistance gene, puromycin n-acetyl transferase (pac). Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated that PML, SUMO-1, HSP70 and 20S proteasomes aggregated to form nuclear inclusions in multiple cell lines... (BioMed Central)
New study overturns orthodoxy on how macrophages kill bacteria Apr 28, 2009
The study, published in the journal PLoS ONE, shows that macrophages focus their most potent poisons, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), on targets outside the cytoplasm ... "It's been assumed that reactive oxygen species kill the bacteria by going into the cytoplasm and causing DNA damage," said medical microbiology professor James Slauch, who led the study ... This suggests that the superoxide and other reactive oxygen species are not making it from the macrophage into the bacterial... (EurekAlert!)
URI scientists reveal mechanism that regulates cancer-causing gene Mar 27, 2009
KINGSTON, R.I. March 26, 2009 Two University of Rhode Island scientists have revealed how a cancer causing protein is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) -- a type of stress signal ... Reactive oxygen species have long been viewed as damaging byproducts of oxygen-based metabolism. (EurekAlert!)
Gene variants may determine lung function and susceptibility to maternal smoking Mar 26, 2009
"The GST genes are important to the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, including carcinogens and environmental exposures, such as cigarette smoke. We speculate that the patterns of genetic variation we investigated may alter this process, thereby reducing the lung's ability to detoxify harmful agents and causing a cascade of other events that promote inflammation, bronchial constriction, airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma-like symptoms," said Dr. Breton. "The next step would be to... (EurekAlert!)
Premature Newborns Lack 'Death NET' To Fight Sepsis Mar 24, 2009
Previously, a group of European investigators, who studied only adult neutrophils, published evidence that molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger formation of NETs by these white blood cells. ROS are produced by neutrophils in response to stress and infection. (Science Daily)
Parkinson's-linked Mutation Makes Neurons Vulnerable To Calcium-induced Death Mar 20, 2009
This overload stimulated production of dangerous reactive oxygen species that interfered with the ability of the mitochondria to transport sugar needed for energy production. This phenomenon could be reversed by providing substrates for energy production. (Science Daily)
Pulmonary Hypertension In Children May Result From Reduced Activity Of Gene Regulator Mar 14, 2009
There's increased presence of reactive oxygen species which scavenge nitric oxide, a powerful dilator. There's also more asymmetric dimethyl arginine, or ADMA, which inhibits nitric oxide production, making bad matters worse. (Science Daily)
Gene Identified That Helps Plant Cells Keep Communication Channels Open Mar 1, 2009
In mutant plant seeds that lack a functional GAT1 gene, stem cells brim with high levels of these free radicals and other toxic ions, collectively known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS threat, according to Jackson's team, is normally counter-balanced by GAT1. (Science Daily)
Forget the antioxidants? McGill researchers cast doubt on role of free radicals in aging Feb 18, 2009
Collectively, these molecules are known as reactive oxygen species, or ROS for short. Dr. Siegfried Hekimi of McGill's Department of Biology, said most of the evidence for the oxidative stress theory is circumstantial, meaning oxidative stress could just as easily be a result of aging as its cause. (EurekAlert!)
Rapid glycation with D-ribose induces globular amyloid-like aggregations of BSA with high cytotoxicity to SH-SY5Y cells Feb 13, 2009
As observed by Hoechst 33258 staining, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay, flow cytometry using Annexin V and Propidium Iodide staining and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements, the amyloid-like aggregation of glycated BSA induced apoptosis in the neurotypic cell line SH-SY5Y.. Conclusions. (BioMed Central)
Drug Combinations Key In Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases Feb 10, 2009
10, 2009) Combining the benefits of multiple drugs in a single pill may hold the key to treating neurodegenerative diseases, Medical College of Georgia researchers say. Drugs that protect neurons, for example, can be used with those targeting memory to make real progress in treating diseases such as Alzheimer s, says Dr. Jerry Buccafusco, founding director of the MCG Alzheimer s Research Center. (Science Daily)
Source Of Cancer Stem Cells' Resistance To Radiation Discovered Feb 10, 2009
Diehn and Cho found that, in this case, the protection takes the form of the increased expression of proteins that can bind and deactivate reactive oxygen species, or ROS. These highly unstable small molecules bounce around wreaking havoc on a cell's DNA and proteins ... The researchers knew that blood stem cells had previously been found to have lower levels of reactive oxygen species than non-stem cells. (Science Daily)
Nature Reviews Microbiology Feb 8, 2009
In this Opinion article, Michael Daly makes the case that high levels of intracellular manganese complexes allow the cell to repair itself by preventing protein oxidation caused by iron-dependent reactive oxygen species during irradiation. Current Issue. (Nature News Service)
