Cancer link to hormone therapy Jun 2, 2008
Millions of women around the world stopped using HRT after it was linked with increased breast cancer rates in the controversial Women's Health Initiative report in 2002, which last month was criticised as flawed at a World Congress in Madrid. However, two international studies published last year in The Lancet and New England Journal Of Medicine showed a strong link. (Sydney Morning Herald)
Breast cancer drops in 20-year first Jun 1, 2008
There was a worldwide scare in 2002 and millions of women stopped using HRT after a link was made between the therapy and increased breast cancer rates in the controversial Women's Health Initiative report in 2002. More recent research has suggested the link is greatly exaggerated. (Sydney Morning Herald)
Quest For Better Treatment For Effects Of Menopause Jun 1, 2008
(May 31, 2004) Despite the highly publicized closing of the Women's Health Initiative study, the scientific community should not rule out that women may benefit from hormone therapy after menopause, say. (Aug. (Science Daily)
Long-term Hormone Replacement Therapy Increases Breast Cancer Risk Until 5 Years After Use, Study Finds May 30, 2008
Within five years after cessation of therapy the risk of breast cancer in former HRT users falls back to the level of women who never used HRT. "These results of the MARIE study confirm findings of two U.S. and U.K. studies (Women's Health Initiative Study and Million Women Study) that caused a stir in 2002 and 2003," says Professor Dr. Wilhelm Braendle of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hospitals, who headed the study. "It has often been argued that the results of the U.S. study could not be... (Science Daily)
High Blood Pressure Patients Advised To Use Home Monitors May 27, 2008
27, 2007) According to researchers studying postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative, prehypertension exists in about 40 percent of postmenopausal women and it is associated with a 58 percent. (Oct. (Science Daily)
Oral Hormone Replacement Therapy More Than Doubles Risk Of Blood Clots, Study Finds May 27, 2008
However, results from the Women's Health Initiative. . (Science Daily)
Blood cholesterol levels predict risk of heart disease due to hormone therapy May 24, 2008
New analysis from the Women's Health Initiative. A new analysis of a subgroup of participants in the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) hormone therapy clinical trials suggests that healthy, postmenopausal women whose blood cholesterol levels are normal or lower are not at increased, short-term risk for heart attack when taking hormone therapy. (EurekAlert!)
Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Safe For Healthy Women Entering Menopause, Summit Concludes May 22, 2008
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use declined after the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study results were published in 2002 ... 4, 2007) Five years ago this summer the National Institutes of Health's stopped early a major portion of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a large and ambitious study to address the most common causes of ... 8, 2007) Secondary analyses of findings from the Women's Health Initiative suggest that women who begin hormone therapy within 10 years of menopause may have... (Science Daily)
Cholesterol Test Spots When HRT Raises Heart Risks May 22, 2008
Some studies, notably earlier results from the U.S. government-sponsored Women's Health Initiative (WHI) have shown an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes among women who use hormone therapy. HRT also carries with it an increased risk of breast cancer. (Health-Finder)
HRT: First Safe, Then Risky... Now Safe? May 21, 2008
In 2002, researchers cut short the Women's Health Initiative study of HRT, citing concerns over heart problems and strokes in women in the study who received the treatment. But while some supported the decision to halt the study, which led many women to stop their HRT regimens, many doctors felt the recommendations went too far, discouraging women they felt should be taking the treatment. (ABC News)
'Hormone therapy safe for women' May 21, 2008
HRT use declined after the 2002 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study which seemed to show that women taking HRT were at greater risk of breast cancer and heart disease. The study had a dramatic effect on public perceptions and confidence in the use of HRT.. (India Times, India -- Health/Science)
Statins May Help Older Women Control Irregular Heartbeat May 17, 2008
The first study, by researchers at Northwestern University, involved 46,704 women participating in the Women's Health Initiative who completed questionnaires about their intake of omega-3 fatty acids. The second study looked at 38,933 healthy women over the age of 45 who had been randomly selected to receive either vitamin E or a placebo. (MEDLINEplus)
When menopause turns up the heat May 14, 2008
At the heart of the question medically are multitudes of relatively short-term studies -- most notably a 2002 study by the Women's Health Initiative that blamed hormone therapy for an increased risk of heart disease and breast cancer and credited it with lowering the risk of colon cancer ... The Women's Health Initiative Study did women a great disservice,'' said Dr. Gregory Feldmeier, a Kalamazoo obstetrician/gynecologist who has examined the data from various hormone therapy studies and... (Kalamazoo Gazette, MI)
Hormone Therapy: Does Timing Matter? Apr 22, 2008
8, 2007) Secondary analyses of findings from the Women's Health Initiative suggest that women who begin hormone therapy within 10 years of menopause may have less risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) due to ... 4, 2007) Five years ago this summer the National Institutes of Health's stopped early a major portion of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a large and ambitious study to address the most common causes of ... 26, 2007) Studies in female monkeys helped raise important questions about... (Science Daily)
Cancer rates decrease for some groups Apr 12, 2008
In 2002, the Women's Health Initiative found that the long-term use of replacement therapy increased a woman's risk of breast cancer. Since the study's release, the use of the therapy has fallen substantially. (Los Angeles Times)
Estrogen Therapy Increases Benign Breast Disease Risk, Study Suggests Apr 10, 2008
In the Women's Health Initiative study, 10,739 postmenopausal women with hysterectomy were assigned to either conjugated equine estrogen or a placebo ... D., of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York and colleagues identified and examined non-cancerous breast biopsies in each of the Women's Health Initiative trial arms ... Although the women taking conjugated equine estrogen have not yet shown a significant increased risk of breast cancer in the Women's Health Initiative study, if... (Science Daily)
Postmenopausal Women's Sexual Dissatisfaction Not Linked to Heart Troubles Apr 10, 2008
In this study, researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston Medical Center (BMC) analyzed data collected from more than 93,000 sexually active postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 79, in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. The women, recruited at 40 clinical centers across the United States, were followed for eight to 12 years. (Health-Finder)
Breast Lumps May Follow Estrogen Therapy Apr 10, 2008
The latest work, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, re-examines data from the landmark Women's Health Initiative that found a variety of health risks from long-term hormone therapy. Only women who have undergone hysterectomies are able to use estrogen-only therapy, and the WHI originally included more than 10,000 of those women, who were given either estrogen or a dummy drug and tracked for about seven years. (Click2Houston, TX)
Estrogen Therapy Linked to Benign Breast Disease Apr 10, 2008
The study involved 10,739 postmenopausal women who were assigned to receive estrogen or inactive "placebo" as part of the Women's Health Initiative CEE trial. Breast examinations and mammograms were performed at enrollment and then annually. (MEDLINEplus)
Estrogen raises risk of benign breast disease Apr 9, 2008
They looked at 10,739 women past menopause who had taken part in a highly publicized study known as the Women's Health Initiative or WHI. The women in this part of the study had taken either estrogen alone or placebo and were followed for almost seven years. While the larger WHI study found that women who took combination hormone replacement therapy had a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, breast cancer and other serious conditions, this estrogen-only part of the study in women who had a... (Reuters)
HRT Dosing May Determine Risks, Benefits Apr 9, 2008
A section of the original Women's Health Initiative (WHI), which was designed to look at health issues in postmenopausal women, was halted in 2002, when U.S. researchers found that hormone therapy led to an increased risk of adverse events that included heart attack, stroke, breast cancer and blood clots. The risk depended on whether the woman was taking estrogen alone or estrogen plus progestin, another female hormone. (MEDLINEplus)
Walking Speed May Predict Stroke Risk Apr 8, 2008
The study, published in the medical journal Stroke, is based on data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a major U.S. government study that began following more than 160,000 postmenopausal women ages 50 to 79 in the early 1990s. McGinn's team focused on 13,048 women who had no history of stroke when they entered the WHI. All of the women underwent a walking speed test that measured how long it took them to walk 6 meters, or roughly 20 feet. (MEDLINEplus)
One Hormone Used In Hormone Replacement Therapy Linked To Breast Cancer, Study Shows Apr 4, 2008
The Women's Health Initiative estimated a 26 percent jump in the number of breast cancer cases among women ingesting estrogen and progestin. Hyder believes that a large number of these women might also have a p53 protein that is not active and, therefore, not able to inhibit MPA-induced growth factor that helps to proliferate the tumor cells. (Science Daily)
Decreased Sexual Satisfaction Is Not Associated With Cardiovascular Disease In Postmenopausal Women Mar 30, 2008
Researchers examined data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Participants were sexually active postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years, recruited at 40 clinical centers throughout the United States and followed for 8-12 years. (Science Daily)
Facing change Mar 27, 2008
Conventional hormone replacement therapy was the subject of a comprehensive, long-term federal study, and the results scared many women away: In a much-publicized 2002 report, called the Women's Health Initiative, scientists reported they stopped a long-term study of the drug Prempro because too many women were getting sick with breast cancer and heart disease. It was around this time when natural hormone therapy started gaining public support. (Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier)
Hormone Replacement Therapy Increases Breast Cancer Recurrence, New Study Finds Mar 27, 2008
In an accompanying editorial in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Kathy I. Pritchard, M.D., of the Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center in Toronto discusses the results of the HABITS trial and the Women's Health Initiative trial (which showed increased breast cancer risk among healthy women) in the context of the much less worrisome findings from observational studies. Observational studies, she writes, can be misleading because they have inherent biases, such as the types of patients... (Science Daily)
Medical Consent Mar 21, 2008
The 2002 results of the Women's Health Initiative study proved that HRT is life threatening to women. According to the Cancer Treatment Centers of America, factors that increase the amount of time that a woman s body is exposed to estrogen, such as hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills, increase the chances that she develops breast cancer. (Suite101.com)
Reducing Heart Disease Risk Naturally Post-menopause Mar 21, 2008
8, 2007) Secondary analyses of findings from the Women's Health Initiative suggest that women who begin hormone therapy within 10 years of menopause may have less risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) due to. (Sep. (Science Daily)
Cancer Risk Slightly Higher For Women In Discontinued Hormone Treatment Trial Mar 8, 2008
7, 2008) A follow up study of participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial led by a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researcher has found that women who were taking the combined hormone therapy of estrogen plus progestin may have an increased risk of cancer since the intervention was stopped, compared to participants in the trial's placebo group ... 8, 2007) Secondary analyses of findings from the Women's Health Initiative suggest that women who begin hormone... (Science Daily)
Cancer risk for women after hormone treatments Mar 6, 2008
Women began taking the combination of hormones as part of the Women's Health Initiative, a 15-year research program began in 1991 sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The effort was aimed addressing cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. (Palo Alto Online, CA)
Raised Breast Cancer Risk Persists after Combo Hormone Replacement Therapy Stopped Mar 6, 2008
Latest data from Women's Health Initiative points to continued need for mammograms ... The finding, published in the March 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, was based on data from the landmark Women's Health Initiative (WHI). (MEDLINEplus)
Breast Cancer Risk Persists After Stopping Hormones Mar 6, 2008
The Women's Health Initiative study was halted prematurely in 2002 because of a 24 percent higher risk of breast cancer associated with the combination therapy of estrogen and progestin ... The overriding conclusion from the two Women's Health Initiative trials involving 27,347 post-menopausal women, aged 50 to 79, was that the overall risks of long-term use of hormone therapy outweighed the benefits. (Newsmax)
Major US study finds cancer risk persists after hormone therapy Mar 5, 2008
"The question has been: Do the risks persist?" said Marcia Stefanick of Stanford University, who chairs the steering committee for the federally funded Women's Health Initiative ... But in 2002 researchers stunned doctors and women when they reported that the Women's Health Initiative had not only found that the hormones did not protect the heart but also actually increased the risk of heart attacks, strokes, blood clots, and breast cancer. (Boston Globe)
Risks of hormone therapy decline over time, study finds Mar 5, 2008
An average of 29 months after going off hormones, women no longer have higher odds of getting heart disease, according to the latest analysis from the federally funded Women's Health Initiative ... That was the year researchers with the Women's Health Initiative dropped a bombshell: The huge research project, which was set up to see if giving hormones to healthy post-menopausal women could prevent heart disease, found that using the pills actually caused a few extra cases of heart disease and... (Chicago Tribune)
Cancer risk lingers in menopausal women after hormone therapy Mar 5, 2008
A previous study by the Women's Health Initiative of U.S. found women taking ombination therapy of estrogen and progestin doubled their risk of blood clots, and raised their risks of stroke and heart attack ... The findings underscore the now-standard recommendation that women who take hormones to relieve hot flashes and other effects of menopause should use the lowest possible dose for the shortest time, said Marcia Stefanick of Stanford University, who chairs the steering committee for the... (Xinhuanet, China)
Study: Post-menopause hormone pills linked to cancer Mar 5, 2008
Patients in the study, the Women's Health Initiative, took the hormone combination, sold under the brand name of Prempro, for an average of 5 years. Two or three years later, their risks of heart attacks, blood clots and strokes had returned to normal, according to the paper, published in today's) Journal of the American Medical Association. (USA Today)
Hormone Therapy Risks Linger On Mar 5, 2008
Researchers with the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) are adding yet another chapter to the continuing (and confusing) story of hormone therapy (HT) taken during and after menopause. In the latest report, appearing in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the study doctors report that the health risks of taking the combined hormones estrogen and progestin can linger for up to three years after women stop taking them. (Time.com)
Hormones hurt screen's accuracy Mar 3, 2008
Researchers, led by Dr. Rowan Chlebowski from the Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at UCLA, looked at data pooled from the large Women's Health Initiative trial, which studied more than 16,000 women receiving either hormone therapy or a placebo pill. It has long been known that taking hormone replacement therapy increases a woman's chances of developing breast cancer, but the researchers found that the women taking hormone therapy were also more likely to have abnormal mammograms - even when... (Boston Globe)
Hormone Replacement Therapy Appears To Have No Effect On Risk And Severity Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Mar 2, 2008
A new study using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials on hormone replacement therapy found that there were no significant differences in the risk of developing RA or the severity of RA between postmenopausal women who were on hormone replacement therapy and those who took placebos ... Article: "Effects of Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy on Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trials," Brian Walitt, Mary Pettinger, Arthur Weinstein,... (Science Daily)
Hormone Therapy Increases Frequency Of Abnormal Mammograms, Breast Biopsies, Study Finds Feb 28, 2008
D., of the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor--UCLA Medical Center, and colleagues studied 16,608 post-menopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial, beginning in 1993 through 1998 ... 14, 2006) Estrogen-alone hormone therapy does not increase the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, according to an updated analysis of the breast cancer findings of the Women's Health Initiative. (Science Daily)
Study: Hormone therapy impedes cancer tests Feb 27, 2008
The study was part of the Women's Health Initiative, a huge study of post-menopausal women that was halted in 2002 when women on hormone therapy showed an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and breast cancer. The heart disease risk was later found to be negligible in younger women who start treatment at the onset of menopause, and the risks of stroke and breast cancer are minimal, researchers said. (San Francisco Chronicle -- Sports)
Hormone Therapy Hinders Breast Cancer Detection Feb 27, 2008
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Detecting breast cancer with mammography and biopsy is more difficult in women who use estrogen and progestin hormone therapy, according to an analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial. Doctors "should be aware that breast cancer diagnosis is more difficult in women using combined hormone therapy," lead researcher Dr. Rowan T. Chlebowski told Reuters Health. (MEDLINEplus)
Half A Million Cancer Deaths Have Been Averted Since Death Rate Drop, Report Shows Feb 21, 2008
The decreases may reflect the saturation of mammography utilization and reduction in hormone replacement therapy use that followed the publication of study results from the Women's Health Initiative in 2002. Among males under age 40 years, leukemia is the most common fatal cancer, while lung cancer predominates in men aged 40 years and older. (Science Daily)
Judge to rule if Wyeth must pay $134M to 3 Nevada women Feb 15, 2008
Concern over the drugs surfaced in July 2002, when the federal Women's Health Initiative halted a study after women taking estrogen-progestin pills showed higher rates of heart attacks, strokes, breast cancer and other problems. The study led to new warning labels on the drugs, and doctor groups began urging women to use the lowest dose for the shortest time possible to treat hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms. (San Diego Union-Tribune -- Business)
Estrogen-only pills increase older women's risk for blood clots (1) Feb 12, 2008
While the results were not entirely unexpected, they add to a long list of complications found by the Women's Health Initiative, a large government-sponsored research project that has contradicted long-held assumptions that hormones taken at menopause promote health and postpone age-related ills. In 2002, the WHI linked estrogen-progestin pills to heart attacks and breast cancer and found that they also doubled the risk of blood clots. (Helena Independent Record)
Science has been wrong many times before Jan 25, 2008
The practice did not stop until 2002, when the Women's Health Initiative, a massive (161,809 postmenopausal women), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (often referred to as the "gold standard" in medical research), revealed that, contrary to the prevailing scientific consensus, long-term HRT increased the risk of heart attacks, blood clots, stroke and breast cancer. In 1992, the Food and Drug Administration banned the use of silicone implants, which were widely used for... (Atlanta Journal-Constitution -- Opinion)
HRT Raises Risk of Lobular Breast Cancer Jan 18, 2008
Previous studies, namely the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), found that combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy increased the risk of breast cancer. Further studies have indicated that the risk is greater with lobular carcinoma than with ductal carcinoma, but these studies have not been definitive. (U.S. News & World Report)
Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy Increases Risk Of Lobular Breast Cancer Fourfold After Just 3 Years Of Use Jan 16, 2008
While the number of postmenopausal women taking combined HRT long-term has dropped by about half in recent years due to Women's Health Initiative reports of health risks associated with such therapy, such as an increase in heart-disease and breast-cancer risk, a substantial number of women are still taking HRT to manage the symptoms of menopause. "These findings are still of considerable public-health importance considering the estimated 57 million prescriptions for menopausal hormone therapy... (Science Daily)
HRT raises risk of rare type of breast cancer Jan 15, 2008
But use of HRT plunged after the 2002 Women's Health Initiative study found that HRT could raise the risk not only of breast and ovarian cancer, but of strokes and other serious conditions. Research since then shows the incidence of breast cancer dropped by 8. (Globe and Mail)
Some Types Of Temporary Neurological Problems Associated With Increased Risk For Stroke, Dementia Dec 29, 2007
(May 28, 2003) The latest findings from Women's Health Initiative studies provide new evidence that the combined hormone therapy significantly boosts the risks of dementia and strokes in postmenopausal women. . (Science Daily)
Cancer Care Advances in 2007 Offer Hope Dec 18, 2007
Other important news: Two studies this year confirmed that the significant drop in breast cancer rates is linked to fewer menopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy, following the 2002 Women's Health Initiative finding that uncovered the connection. "It's quite clear in breast cancer that we have had steady reductions in deaths due to breast cancer over the last decade," Gralow said. (Health-Finder)
Powerful Tool To Study The Genetics Of Inflammation Developed Dec 9, 2007
This study is part of a larger study through the Women's Health Initiative that explores the role of inflammation in colon, breast and lung cancer. It's sponsored by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. (Science Daily)
Blood Markers Might Predict Clotting Risk With HRT Dec 9, 2007
The group looked at women who had been part of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a large, government-sponsored study which investigated the most common causes of death and low quality of life among postmenopausal women ... Visit the for more on the Women's Health Initiative. (Health-Finder)
Overturned $3M Verdict Explained in Hormone Replacement Therapy Opinion Dec 7, 2007
He said Prempro warnings actually suggested a higher causation of breast cancer during the time Nelson was taking the drug than was found to exist in the Women's Health Initiative study done by the National Institutes of Health in 2002. While Nelson might argue more stringent tests were needed, she couldn't argue Wyeth was malicious in its actions, Jackson said. (Law.com)
New Model Predicts Breast Cancer Risk In African-American Women Dec 2, 2007
They then used data from two trials--the Women's Health Initiative and the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR)--to test the model. The new CARE model accurately predicted the number of cancers observed in African American women in the Women's Health Initiative overall and in most subgroups. (Science Daily)
Osteo 'to blame' for many fractures Dec 1, 2007
The findings came from data collected from thousands of women who participated in a study called the Women's Health Initiative. 2007. (The Age)
Doctor focuses on hips at risk Dec 1, 2007
Analyzing data collected from the nationwide Women's Health Initiative, Robbins and other researchers identified 11 risk factors for hip fractures among postmenopausal women ... "Because of the hundreds of thousands of women involved in the Women's Health Initiative, we were able to develop a more powerful tool for the prediction of hip fracture than has been possible before," Robbins said. (Herald Online, SC -- Health)
Menopause Estrogen and Cholesterol Nov 29, 2007
Subsequently, another similar large clinical trial was conducted, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). This major 15-year research program sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) addressed the most common causes of death, disability and poor quality of life in postmenopausal women. (Suite101.com)
Criteria Predict Women's 5-Year Risk for Fracture Nov 29, 2007
In devising the new algorithm, Robbins' team looked at data on almost 100,000 women who participated in the U.S. government-sponsored Women's Health Initiative (WHI). The 11 predictors chosen were validated on 68,132 women and tested in 10,750 women who had undergone dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans (DXA) to assess bone mass density. (MEDLINEplus)
Low Testosterone Might Shorten Men's Lives Nov 29, 2007
Instead, the Women's Health Initiative, a major study released in 2002, found that women taking HRT were at increased incidence of stroke, blood clots and breast cancer, noted Plutzky, who is also a spokesman for the American Cancer Society. HRT prescriptions dropped off precipitously after the study's release. (MEDLINEplus)
Predicting The Risk Of Hip Fracture In Postmenopausal Women Nov 28, 2007
The study included data on a total of 93,676 women who participated in the observational component of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a multiethnic study. Factors were identified that were predictors of hip fracture, which were then validated using data on 68,132 women who participated in the clinical trial. (Science Daily)
Old formulas underestimated breast-cancer risk for Blacks Nov 28, 2007
The researchers then tested the new version and showed that it would have accurately predicted how many African-American women in the federal government's Women's Health Initiative would have developed breast cancer. Next, the team compared the new model to the old one by using both to assess data collected from 20,278 African-American women who were screened for eligibility for a landmark breast-cancer prevention trial, the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) trial, which compared... (AZCentral -- News)
Ozone Key To Link Between Heat And Increased Cardiovascular Death Risk Nov 26, 2007
27, 2007) According to researchers studying postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative, prehypertension exists in about 40 percent of postmenopausal women and it is associated with a 58 percent. (Nov. (Science Daily)
Cigarette Smoking Linked with Rectal Cancer Risk Nov 24, 2007
The investigators looked at the incidence of colorectal cancer among more than 140,000 women between 50 and 79 years old, who participated in Women's Health Initiative, a long-term observational study. Of these women, 51 percent reported never smoking, 42 percent were past smokers, and 7 percent were current smokers. (MEDLINEplus)
Smoking is Associated with Rectal Cancer Nov 15, 2007
D., of Ohio State University in Columbus and colleagues investigated the association between smoking history and colorectal cancer among nearly 147,000 participants in the Women's Health Initiative. After an average follow-up of about 8 years, 1,242 women were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. (Science Daily)
